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涓€绋兘澶犵稖鍚堣€冩叜缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鎬у拰鍙潬鎬х殑绮惧伐姗�(j墨)搴婅ō(sh猫) 瑷堟柟娉昜5],銆傝嫳鍦嬬殑A.Z.Keller绛変汉灏�35鑷虹簿宸ユ(j墨)搴婅窡韫�3骞达紝骞剁敤浠ｇ⒓褰㈠紡瑷橀寗浜嗘晠闅� 鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉),锛屽苟寮曠敤鏉滃畨鍙潬鎬у闀锋ā鍨嬩締鍒嗘瀽鍙潬鎬ф暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉),锛岄€氶亷铏曠悊鏁呴殰鏅傞枔鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛屼粬鍊戠櫦(f膩) 鐝�(xi脿n)鍙互鐢ㄥ▉甯冪埦鍒嗗竷渚嗘弿杩版晠闅滈枔闅旀檪闁撶殑鍒嗗竷['LapiduS, A.S.绛変汉灏嶇簿宸ユ(j墨)搴婂湪閬�(y霉n)琛� 鐙€鎱�(t脿i)涓嬬殑鍙潬鎬ц⿻浼版柟娉曞仛浜嗙爺绌�,锛屽垎鏋愪簡澶氱ó鏁呴殰椤炲瀷,锛屽苟鎻愬嚭浜嗙簿宸ユ(j墨)搴婄殑鍙潬鎬� 瑭曞児鎸囨(bi膩o)[7]銆侭oguslavskii, B.L.鏍规摎(j霉)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)绶氫笂鐨勫闅涙儏娉佸拰瀵﹂殯閲囬泦鍒扮殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉),锛屽皥闁€灏嶆暩(sh霉) 鎺ф(j墨)搴婄殑鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鍋氫簡鍙潬鎬у垎鏋怺8],銆係tarodubov, V.S.绛変汉浠嬬垂浜嗕竴绋簿宸ユ(j墨)搴婄殑鍙潬 鎬ц⿻浼版柟娉曪紝骞堕伕鍙栨煇椤炲瀷绮惧伐閵戝簥浣滅偤鐮旂┒灏嶈薄,锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)閫欑ó绮惧伐閵戝簥鐨勭壒榛炲仛浜嗗彲闈� 鎬ц│椹�,锛屽苟鍒╃敤涓婅堪鐨勮⿻浼版柟娉曞皪绮惧伐閵戝簥鐨勫彲闈犳€ч€�(j矛n)琛屼簡鍒嗘瀽[9]銆俁ezvani绛変汉鍒╃敤 鍙潬鎬ф鍦�,銆佹晠闅滄ü,銆侀洟鏁ｅ瀷Markov妯″瀷绛夋柟娉曞畾鎬у拰瀹氶噺鍒嗘瀽浜嗘煍鎬у姞宸ュ柈鍏冪殑鏁� 闅滐紝绺界祼(ji茅)浜嗘瘡鍊嬮儴浠剁殑鏁呴殰鍘熷洜,锛屽苟瑷堢畻浜嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨�1^涓�13?鍊糩1()],銆傞樋鏂爴澶у(xu茅)鐨凙hmed绛変汉鑸囩簿宸ユ(j墨)搴婄敓鐢�(ch菐n)寤犲鍚堜綔锛屾壘鍒颁簡褰遍熆姗�(j墨)搴婂彲闈犳€х殑闂�(gu膩n)閸甸儴浠�,锛屽苟灏囧彲闈犳€ф妧琛�(sh霉)鎳�(y墨ng) 鐢ㄥ埌浜嗙簿宸ユ(j墨)搴婂闅涚敓鐢�(ch菐n)鍒堕€犵殑閬庣▼涓�,锛岀偤姗�(j墨)搴婁紒妤�(y猫)鎺㈢储浜嗕竴绋兘澶�?q奴)宥婬鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ彲闈犳€ф妧 琛�(sh霉)鐨勬柟娉昜11]銆侻ichael Vineyard绛変汉灏嶇編鍦嬬殑鏌愭鏌旀€у姞宸ョ敓鐢�(ch菐n)绶氳ō(sh猫)鍌欑殑鏁呴殰闋荤巼鍒嗗竷 閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡鍒嗘瀽,锛岀附绲�(ji茅)浜嗗叚绋晠闅滈鍨�,锛屽苟灏嶆瘡绋晠闅滈鍨嬪缓绔嬩簡鏁呴殰闁撻殧鏅傞枔鍒嗗竷妯″瀷,锛� 绺界祼(ji茅)浜嗘瘡绋晠闅滈鍨嬬殑鐧�(f膩)鐢熼牷鐜囧拰灏嶇董淇檪闁撶殑褰遍熆[12]銆傞煋鍦嬬殑Kim绛変汉灏嶅姞宸ヤ腑蹇� 鐨勬晠闅滄ā寮忛€�(j矛n)琛屼簡鍒嗘瀽,锛屽苟鍒╃敤浜嗚粺浠剁郴绲�(t菕ng)灏嶆晠闅滄暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡鍒嗛铏曠悊,锛屽皪鏁呴殰闋荤巼閫�(j矛n) 琛屼簡瑭曚及[13]銆傛垜鍦嬬殑绮惧伐姗�(j墨)搴婂拰鍔犲伐涓績鐨勫彲闈犳€х悊璜栫爺绌堕枊濮嬩簬涓婁笘绱€(j矛)鍏崄骞翠唬,銆傚苟鍦�“鍏簲” 鏈熼枔闁嬪鍙栧緱浜嗗法澶ч€�(j矛n)姝�,锛岀洰鍓嶅湅鍏�(n猫i)寰堝瀛�(xu茅)鑰呴兘灏嶇簿宸ユ(j墨)搴婂拰鍔犲伐涓績鐨勫彲闈犳€ч€�(j矛n)琛屼簡 娣卞叆鐨勭爺绌躲€傚悏鏋楀ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭帇妗傝悕棣栨鎻愬嚭浜嗙稖鍚堣€冩叜鍙潬鎬у拰缍犺壊鎬х殑鍔犲伐涓績鍙潬鎬у垎鏋愭柟 娉�,锛屽苟鍦ㄥ垎鏋愪腑寮曞叆浜嗘晠闅滄瘮閲嶆瘮[14_15],锛屽缓绔嬩簡缍犺壊瑭曞児楂旂郴锛屽垎鏋愪簡鍔犲伐涓績鍦ㄥ彲闈� 鎬у闀锋柟闈㈢殑娼涘姏[16],銆傚嫉娴锋尝绛変汉灏堥杸閲濆皪绮惧伐姗�(j墨)搴婁笂鐨勭簿宸ョ郴绲�(t菕ng)鍋氫簡鍙潬鎬у垎鏋�,銆傞€� 閬庤窡韫ゆ煇椤炲瀷绮惧伐绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬晠闅滄暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛屽緱鍑虹簿宸ョ郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫钩鍧囩劇鏁呴殰鏅傞枔涔熸湇寰炲▉甯冪埦鍒嗗竷 [17],锛屽苟鍒╃敤FMECA鍒嗘瀽浜嗙簿宸ョ郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬晠闅滄ā寮�,锛岀偤绮惧伐绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬敼閫�(j矛n)鎻愪緵浜嗗缓璀癧18]銆傞嚌灏嶅姞宸ヤ腑蹇冨彲闈犳€у缓妯＄殑鏂规硶,锛屽湅鍏�(n猫i)鐨勪竴浜涘(xu茅)鑰呬篃鍋氫簡鍓�(chu脿ng)鏂版€у湴鎺㈢储,銆備笂娴蜂氦閫� 澶у(xu茅)鐨勭帇鏅烘槑绛変汉鍒╃敤AIC鍜孊IC淇℃伅婧�(zh菙n)鍓囧垎鏋愪簡绮惧伐姗�(j墨)搴婄殑鏁呴殰闁撻殧鏅傞枔鍒嗗竷妯″瀷锛� 骞剁敤Rsher淇℃伅鐭╅櫍鍋氫簡鍗€(q奴)闁撲及瑷圼19],銆傚悏鏋楀ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鐨勬鍏嗚粛绛変汉閲濆皪鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍔犲伐涓績寤烘ā鏅� 鑸囧伐绋嬪闅涙浠剁殑宸暟,锛屾彁鍑轰簡涓€绋兘鎻忚堪鍔犲伐涓績鍙潬鎬ц畩鍖栬定鍕㈢殑鏂规硶锛屽苟浠ユ鏂� 娉曞垎鏋愪簡瀵﹂殯鐨勫姞宸ヤ腑蹇冪殑鍙潬鎬фā鍨媅20],銆傜帇鏉辨槑绛変汉鍦ㄨ▓绠楀姞宸ヤ腑蹇冪殑鍗卞搴︽檪寮曞叆浜嗘ā绯婃暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鐨勬蹇�,锛屾彁鍑轰簡涓€绋皣鍗卞 搴﹀畾閲忚檿鐞嗙殑鏂规硶[21]銆傚悏鏋楀ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鐨勪簬鎹风瓑浜哄埄鐢‵MECA鍒嗘瀽浜嗙簿宸ヨ粖搴婄殑鏁呴殰,锛岃▓绠� 浜嗗悇鍊嬬郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮嚧鍛藉害,锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)瑷堢畻绲�(ji茅)鏋滐紝閲濆皪涓嶅悓绯荤当(t菕ng)鎻愬嚭浜嗘敼閫�(j矛n)鎺柦[22],銆備粬鍊戜篃灏嶅埄鐢� FMEA娉曞皪鏌愬湅鐢�(ch菐n)鍔犲伐涓績閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡鏁呴殰鍒嗘瀽,锛屽畾缇╀簡鏁呴殰妯″紡鐨勯鍨嬶紝绺界祼(ji茅)浜嗘晠闅滄ā寮� 鐨勫師鍥犲拰褰遍熆,锛屽苟灏囩附绲�(ji茅)绲�(ji茅)鏋滃弽楗嬬郸浼佹キ(y猫),锛岃瓑鏄庝簡瑭叉柟娉曞皪鎻愰珮鍔犲伐涓績鍙潬鎬ф按骞崇殑 鍙鎬23]銆傜背閲戣彲绛変汉鍒╃敤妯＄硦鐞嗚珫灏嶇簿宸ユ(j墨)搴婄殑娑插绯荤当(t菕ng)閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡鏁呴殰妯瑰垎鏋�,锛屽緱鍑轰簡妯＄硦閲� 瑕佸害[24],銆傝憠浼敓绛変汉闁嬬櫦(f膩)浜嗕竴濂楀埄鐢ㄦ晠闅滄ü鍒嗘瀽绮惧伐姗�(j墨)搴婃晠闅滅殑绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽叿鏈変竴瀹氱殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢� 鍍瑰€糩25],銆傚湪灏嶆(j墨)搴婇€�(j矛n)琛屽彲闈犳€у垎閰嶆檪,锛屽嫉鏍逛繚绛変汉寮曞叆“浠诲嫏(w霉)”姒傚康,锛屽缓绔嬩簡浠诲嫏(w霉)鍓栭潰灞ゆ 妯″瀷锛岄檷浣庝簡闁嬬櫦(f膩)鏂扮敘(ch菐n)鍝佸付渚嗙殑棰�(f膿ng)闅猍26],銆備粬鍊戜篃閲囩敤浜嗛伜鍌崇畻娉曟眰瑙ｅ彲闈犳€у垎閰嶇殑妯″瀷,锛屽苟浠ユ鏂规硶鍒嗘瀽浜嗕富杌告媺妗縖27]銆傚寳浜鎶€澶у(xu茅)鐨勫嫉瀹忔枌绛変汉鍦ㄩ€�(j矛n)琛屽彲闈犳€у垎閰嶆檪寮曞叆浜� 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